REFERENCE VALUES

Reference values

MedicubeX Oy is not responsible for individuals’ treatment and does not interpret or store the health data of individual end users. The data produced by MedicubeX’s eHealth Station is inherently reliable with the limitations described in the documentation of each individual measuring device. This does not replace the discretion of the healthcare professional responsible for the treatment regarding the accuracy of the results, and measurements should be repeated manually if necessary. Individual measurement results should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

If a measurement fails, we recommend repeating it. Please carefully follow the on-screen instructions to ensure the best outcome.

Blood pressure, Systole / Diastole

  • Ideal: below 119/79 mmHg

  • Normal: 120/80 – 129/84 mmHg

  • Slightly elevated: 130/85 – 139/89 mmHg

  • Grade 1 hypertension: 140/90 – 159/99 mmHg

  • Grade 2 hypertension: 160/100 – 179/109 mmHg

  • Acute hypertension: above 180/110 mmHg


The target blood pressure for everyone is below 135/85 mmHg, but an individual’s target may be lower due to conditions such as heart or kidney disease. Any significantly abnormal value should be re-measured.

The interpretation of abnormal results depends on the overall context (age, sex, underlying chronic conditions, etc.). Elevated blood pressure should always be treated unless a different target has been established in consultation with a doctor.

More information (In Finnish): Kohonnut verenpaine (verenpainetauti), Lääkärikirja Duodecim

https://www.terveyskirjasto.fi/dlk00034/kohonnut-verenpaine-verenpainetauti?q=verenpaine

Pulse

  • Low heart rate (Bradycardia): under 60 beats per minute

  • Normal heart rate: 60–100 beats per minute

  • Elevated heart rate (Tachycardia): over 100 beats per minute


Resting heart rate varies widely depending on situations and individuals. Factors such as age, sex, physical fitness, hereditary factors, and emotional state can affect it. In a healthy adult, the resting heart rate can be below 60 beats per minute without indicating illness. Any significantly abnormal value should be re-measured. The interpretation of abnormal results depends on the overall context (age, sex, underlying conditions, etc.) and whether the person has symptoms.

 

1-lead ECG

This is a 1-lead screening ECG with automated rhythm analysis. The recording lasts 30 seconds and is displayed in three 10-second intervals.

For a reliable result, please remain completely still and ensure good hand contact with the electrodes during the measurement. The accuracy of the analysis depends on the signal quality; interference (artifacts) caused by movement or poor electrode contact may prevent some findings from being identified.

The automated analysis identifies up to 27 different arrhythmias and calculates key ECG intervals and complex durations. The Seattle Criteria is an internationally used system that classifies benign and potentially harmful ECG findings.

No action needed:

If the ECG recording is of poor quality and the rhythm cannot be identified, the measurement has failed. The user may have moved during the measurement.

  • Normal sinus rhythm

  • Unclassified rhythm = Rhythm not identified

  • Artefact = Caused by the excessive movement during the test

Oxygen saturation

  • Normal: 95% – 100%

  • Mild hypoxia: 89% – 95%

  • Moderate hypoxia: 80% – 88%

  • Dangerous, severe hypoxia: below 80%


Oxygen saturation reflects the amount of oxygen carried by hemoglobin in the blood. An abnormal value below 95% may be related to an acute illness or a previously diagnosed lung disease. Nail polish or cold hands can cause falsely low results, so significantly abnormal values should be re-measured. If the result is consistently abnormal without a known underlying illness, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional. The interpretation of abnormal results depends on known chronic conditions and whether the person has symptoms.

Respiratory rate

  • Normal: 12–20 breaths per minute.

The eHealth Station measures respiratory rate using a CE-marked software and a webcam. The software analyzes the user's respiratory movements in real-time to calculate the rate. No video or images are ever recorded, stored, or transmitted at any time.

Body temperature

  • Low: below 35.4 °C

  • Normal: 35.5 – 37.5 °C

  • Fever: 37.6 – 38.4 °C

  • High fever: 38.5 – 40 °C

  • Very high fever: above 40 °C


Normal body temperature varies depending on the time of day and physical activity. Any significantly abnormal value should be re-measured.

 

AGE (Advanced Glycation End-products)

AGE is a measurement of sugar accumulation in the skin tissue as byproducts of sugar metabolism, known as glycation end-products. Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) are harmful compounds formed when sugar binds to the body's proteins, fats, or DNA. AGE values indicate how blood sugar has affected the body over a long period (approx. 5 years). An AGE measurement provides additional information on the long-term effects of blood sugar compared to the more familiar HbA1c blood test, which only reflects an average of the past 2–3 months.

High AGE values can indicate premature cellular aging and an increased risk of developing conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetic complications. An unexpectedly high AGE value may indicate undiagnosed or untreated diabetes.

The AGE-Reader is a device that measures the level of AGE compounds from the surface of the skin on the forearm using light. A significantly high AGE value, relative to age, is an independent risk factor for an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and its complications. The AGE-Reader is used in research and clinical practice, for example, in the prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. For more information about the measurement, refer to the manufacturer’s website: https://www.diagnoptics.com/advanced-glycation-endproducts/measuring-ages/

The chart depicts average AGE values as a function of age. In addition to the average value, the values are shown with ±1 standard deviation. The colored areas indicate risk categories statistically correlated with AGE values based on age. When the value is lower than the average, the person’s risk, considering AGE measurement, is lower than the average for their age. In the yellow area, the risk is slightly elevated, in the orange area, it is elevated, and in the red area, it is significantly elevated.

Risk Classification Based on AGE Value:

Normal Group: No increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. No action required.

Group I (Low Risk): Slightly increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. This applies if the AGE value is above the average for the age group but below +1 standard deviation (SD). No immediate action is required, but attention to other risk factors is advised. Lifestyle guidance is recommended.

Group II (Elevated Risk): The risk is elevated if the value exceeds +1 SD. Assess other risk factors, such as blood pressure, blood lipid levels, lifestyle, and any current medication. A health check-up and lifestyle guidance are recommended.

Group III (High Risk): The risk is high if the AGE value is 2.9 or higher. A physician's assessment of the overall situation and a further investigation of risk factors are recommended.

Very dark skin pigmentation, sunscreen, or a tattoo can impair the reliability of the result. An unexpectedly high value should be re-checked. Regular monitoring of the AGE value, a few times per year, is recommended.

The measurement can only be performed on individuals over 18 years old and is skipped for those who are younger.

Body fat

Body fat percentage represents the proportion of body fat relative to total body weight. The interpretation of a body composition measurement is based on the individual's sex, age, and the measured body fat percentage. If the result is significantly abnormal, the measurement should be repeated. When interpreting an abnormal result, individual factors such as age, sex, and underlying health conditions must be taken into account.

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) refers to the amount of energy the body consumes at rest to maintain vital functions, such as breathing, circulation, thermoregulation, and nervous system activity. It accounts for the majority of total daily energy expenditure (approximately 60–75%) and is influenced by factors such as age, sex, weight, muscle mass, and genetics.

In practice, BMR indicates how much energy the body uses over a 24-hour period "just to stay alive," without any exercise or other physical activity.

Users must be 18 or older to perform this measurement. Results for body composition and fat percentage from different devices should not be compared.