Reference Values
for MedicubeX users

Reference values

 

MedicubeX Oy is not responsible for individuals’ treatment and does not interpret or store the health data of individual end users. The data produced by MedicubeX’s eHealth Station is inherently reliable with the limitations described in the documentation of each individual measuring device. This does not replace the discretion of the healthcare professional responsible for the treatment regarding the accuracy of the results, and measurements should be repeated manually if necessary. Individual measurement results should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

 

Vital signs

Blood pressure, Systole / Diastole

  • Ideal: below 119/79 mmHg

  • Normal: 120/80 – 129/84 mmHg

  • Slightly elevated: 130/85 – 139/89 mmHg

  • Grade 1 hypertension: 140/90 – 159/99 mmHg

  • Grade 2 hypertension: 160/100 – 179/109 mmHg

  • Acute hypertension: above 180/110 mmHg


The first number indicates blood pressure during heartbeats, and the second number indicates blood pressure between beats. Blood pressure is classified based on the higher value. The target blood pressure for everyone is below 135/85 mmHg, but an individual’s target may be lower due to conditions such as heart or kidney disease. Any significantly abnormal value should be re-measured. The interpretation of abnormal results depends on the overall context (age, gender, underlying conditions, etc.).

The interpretation of abnormal results depends on the overall context (age, sex, underlying chronic conditions, etc.). Elevated blood pressure should always be treated unless a different target has been established in consultation with a doctor.

More information (In Finnish): Kohonnut verenpaine (verenpainetauti), Lääkärikirja Duodecim

https://www.terveyskirjasto.fi/dlk00034/kohonnut-verenpaine-verenpainetauti?q=verenpaine

Pulse

  • Low heart rate (Bradycardia): under 60 beats per minute

  • Normal heart rate: 60–100 beats per minute

  • Elevated heart rate (Tachycardia): over 100 beats per minute


Resting heart rate varies widely depending on situations and individuals. Factors such as age, sex, physical fitness, hereditary factors, and emotional state can affect it. In a healthy adult, the resting heart rate can be below 60 beats per minute without indicating illness. Any significantly abnormal value should be re-measured. The interpretation of abnormal results depends on the overall context (age, sex, underlying conditions, etc.) and whether the person has symptoms.

 

Oxygen saturation

  • Normal: 95% – 100%

  • Mild hypoxia: 89% – 95%

  • Moderate hypoxia: 80% – 88%

  • Dangerous, severe hypoxia: below 80%


Oxygen saturation reflects the amount of oxygen carried by hemoglobin in the blood. An abnormal value below 95% may be related to an acute illness or a previously diagnosed lung disease. Nail polish or cold hands can cause falsely low results, so significantly abnormal values should be re-measured. If the result is consistently abnormal without a known underlying illness, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional. The interpretation of abnormal results depends on known chronic conditions and whether the person has symptoms.

Body temperature

  • Low: below 35.4 °C

  • Normal: 35.5 – 37.5 °C

  • Fever: 37.6 – 38.4 °C

  • High fever: 38.5 – 40 °C

  • Very high fever: above 40 °C


Normal body temperature varies depending on the time of day and physical activity. Any significantly abnormal value should be re-measured.

 

AGE (Advanced Glycation End-products)

 

AGE is a measurement of sugar accumulation in the skin tissue as byproducts of sugar metabolism, known as glycation end-products. Factors such as metabolic disorders like diabetes and harmful stressors like smoking can contribute to the accumulation of these end-products in tissues, along with individual variation. 

The AGE value increases with age due to the aging process. A significantly high AGE value, relative to age, independently predicts an increased risk of developing conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. If a person already has diagnosed diabetes, a high AGE value predicts a higher risk of complications. The AGE value does not replace other measurements used to assess the risks and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

An unexpectedly high AGE value may indicate undiagnosed and untreated diabetes, in which case blood tests may be necessary. AGE reflects sugar values over the last 5 years. The more familiar blood test, HbA1c, measures the accumulation of sugar in hemoglobin within red blood cells and reflects the average blood sugar level over approximately 2 to 3 months.

 

Technically, the AGE Reader measures skin autofluorescence using UV light, which has been shown to correlate with AGE levels. The accuracy of the measurement can be compromised or prevented by the use of creams, such as sunscreen, or strong skin pigmentation. If the result is significantly abnormal, it is advisable to repeat the measurement. The interpretation of the result depends on the overall context (age, gender, underlying conditions, etc.) and individual goals. For more information about the measurement, refer to the manufacturer’s website: https://www.diagnoptics.com/advanced-glycation-endproducts/measuring-ages/

The chart depicts average AGE values as a function of age. In addition to the average value, the values are shown with ±1 standard deviation. The colored areas indicate risk categories statistically correlated with AGE values based on age. When the value is lower than the average, the person’s risk, considering AGE measurement, is lower than the average for their age. In the yellow area, the risk is slightly elevated, in the orange area, it is elevated, and in the red area, it is significantly elevated.

Normal Group: No increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. If the AGE value is equal to or lower than the average for the age group, the person does not have an elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases based on this measurement. However, if the person is elderly and the value is above 2.5 (even if it is below or equal to the age group average), they may still have an increased risk considering their age.

Risk Group I: Limited increase in the risk of cardiovascular diseases. If the AGE value is above the average but lower than +1 standard deviation (SD), it indicates a mildly increased risk of cardiovascular diseases relative to age.

Risk Group II: Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. If the measurement result exceeds +1 SD relative to age, the person has an elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases. In such cases, it is advisable to assess other risk factors such as blood pressure and lipid levels. Lifestyle factors and medication should be taken into account when evaluating the overall risk.

Risk Group III: Significant risk of cardiovascular diseases. If the AGE Reader measurement result is 2.9 or higher, based on the research data, the individual has a high risk of cardiovascular diseases. It is recommended to assess and investigate other risk factors promptly to initiate necessary monitoring and treatment.

Average Values by Age Group: AGE values measured by the AGE Reader correlate with age. The table presents average values with standard deviations categorized by age groups.

Body fat

 Body fat percentage is a measurement that indicates the percentage of body weight attributed to fat. The interpretation of body composition measurements is based on the individual’s sex, age, and the measured body fat percentage.

The three-fat analysis is intended for individuals over 18 years of age. Based on the data used, the three-fat analysis categorizes body fat into essential fat, storage fat, and excess fat. If the result is significantly abnormal, it is advisable to repeat the measurement. The interpretation of an abnormal result depends on the overall context (age, sex, underlying conditions, etc.).

The categories of the three-fat analysis are as follows:

Essential Fat Mass: This is determined based on the individual’s sex and height. It is considered “GOOD” fat as it protects the body from various diseases and provides cushioning for vital organs.

Storage Fat Mass: This is determined based on the individual’s sex, height, and age. It is considered “OK” fat as it serves as an energy reserve for the body and is not harmful to health.

Excess Fat: This is considered “BAD” fat as it can increase the risk of various harmful conditions, including heart attacks, strokes, and diabetes.